Vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil are among the most powerful nutrients for improving overall health, but also among those most commonly deficient. EPA and DHA improve several cardiovascular risk factors, including decreasing atherosclerotic burden, reducing triglyceride levels and blood pressure, and improving platelet and vascular function. Not only do these fatty acids modulate risk factors, but controlled clinical trials have shown them to be effective in preventing cardiovascular and coronary events, particularly in high-risk individuals.
EPA and DHA also support cognitive function through multiple mechanisms, as they are essential for neuronal membranes, with lower levels being not only a marker of neurological disease but also a risk factor for cognitive impairment. EPA and DHA are essential for the resolution of inflammatory processes, providing substrates for anti-inflammatory prostaglandins, resolvins, and protectins.
Vitamin D modifies cardiovascular risk and reduces the risk of autoimmune diseases and osteoporotic fractures. It has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, with supplementation being particularly important for those showing signs of inflammation. Inadequate intake of vitamin D and EPA/DHA has been implicated in brain dysfunction, including impaired serotonin activation, cognitive decline, ADHD, and mood disorders. EPA and DHA, combined with vitamin D, have synergistic benefits for improving overall well-being.