



Mitochondria, whose primary function within cells is the production of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), require continuous regeneration throughout life. These essential cellular components, known as the cell's "powerhouses," are a primary site of free radical production and are particularly susceptible to damage from oxidative stress. Since aging is associated with deterioration in cellular structures, proper mitochondrial biogenesis (growth and division of pre-existing mitochondria) is essential to promote healthy aging, optimal energy production, and protection against reactive oxygen species (oxidative stress). Mitochondrial dysfunction and associated ATP deficiency are linked to a multitude of diseases, including chronic fatigue syndrome, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and even diabetes, as reduced mitochondrial biogenesis has been linked to metabolic syndrome.