Genitourinary infections affect more than one billion women worldwide annually and are the main reason a woman visits the gynecologist. These infections can be bacterial (bacterial vaginosis) or fungal (vulvovaginal candidiasis). The types of bacteria in the vaginal canal fluctuate depending on various factors, including hormone levels, diet, sexual contact, and douching; however, the basic composition is dominated by Lactobacilli in healthy women. It is the depletion of these healthy organisms that leaves women prone to urinary and vaginal infections.
Certain probiotic bacteria can help modulate the immune system and displace pathogens that can cause these infections. The dominant species in a healthy vaginal canal should be Lactobacillus. Lactobacilli produce H2O2, which helps maintain a vaginal pH close to 4.0, which is essential for vaginal health. Maintaining a vaginal pH around 4.0 reduces a woman's risk of developing vaginosis.